Adherence to guidelines for antiretroviral therapy and for preventing opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults and adolescents in Ryan White-funded facilities in the United States

To determine adherence by health care providers to guidelines for antiretro viral therapy and for prevention of opportunistic infections (OIs) in adult s with HIV infection in federally funded facilities in the United States, w e reviewed records of HIV-infected adults (>13 years) in 11 Ryan White Titl e III facilities in four states for information on eight standard-of-care r ecommendations during November 1996 through September 1997. Eligibility req uired a visit to the facility within 6 months before record abstraction and a lowest CD4(+) lymphocyte count <500 cells/mu l. Reviews were completed f or 148 patients in Maryland, 355 in New York, 370 in Georgia, and 538 in Il linois. Adherence to prevention measures by health care providers was >85% for HIV plasma RNA testing, prescription of antiretroviral therapy, Pneumoc ystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) prophylaxis, anti-Toxoplasma antibody testing , and obtaining Papanicolaou (Pap) smears but lower (69%-80%) for Mycobacte rium avium complex (MAC) prophylaxis, tuberculin skin testing (TST), and pn eumococcal vaccination. Adherence was similar by patient age, gender, racia l/ethnic group, urban versus rural, and hospital versus clinic setting but was generally lower for injecting drug users (IDUs) than for patients with other HIV exposures (p < .05 by multivariate analysis for TST, anti-Toxopla sma antibody testing, Pap smear, and measurement of HIV plasma RNA). Adhere nce by health care providers to guidelines for preventing OIs in these fede rally funded facilities is generally high but could be improved for some pr evention measures, for instance, MAC prophylaxis, TST, and pneumococcal vac cination, especially for IDUs.