Distribution of lung density after strenuous, prolonged exercise

The postexercise alteration in pulmonary gas exchange in high-aerobically t rained subjects depends on both the intensity and the duration of exercise (G. Manier, J. Moinard, and H. Stoicheff. J. Appl. Physiol. 75: 2580-2585, 1993; G. :Manier, J. Moinard, P. Techoueyres, N. Varene, and H. Guenard. Re spir. Physiol. 83: 143-154, 1991). In a recent study that used lung compute rized tomography (CT), evidence was found for accumulation of water within the lungs after exercise (C. Caillaud, O. Serre-Cousine, F. Anselme, X. Cap devilla, and C. Prefaut. J. Appl. Physiol. 79: 1226-1232, 1995). On represe ntative slices of the lungs, mean lung density increased by 0.040 +/- 0.007 g/cm(3) (19%, P < 0.001) in athletes after a triathlon. To verify and quan tify the mechanism, we determined the change in pulmonary density and mass after strenuous and prolonged exercise using another exercise protocol and methodology for CT scanning. Nine trained runners (age 30-46 yr) volunteere d to participate in the study. Each subject ran for 2 h on a treadmill at a rate corresponding to 75% of maximum O-2 consumption. CT measurements were made before and immediately after the exercise test with the subject supin e and holding his breath at a point close to functional residual capacity. The lungs were scanned from the apex to the diaphragm and reconstructed in 8-mm-thick slices. Attenuation values of X-rays in each part of the lung we re expressed in Hounsfield units (HU), which are related to density (D): D = 1 + HU/1,000. No significant alteration in pulmonary density (0.37 +/- 0. 04 vs. 0.35 +/- 0.03, not significant) was observed after the 2-h run test. Although lung volume slightly increased (change of 166 +/- 205 mi, P < 0.0 5), lung mass remained stable because of a change in density distribution. We failed to detect any changes in postexercise lung mass, suggesting that other mechanisms need to be considered to explain the observed alterations in pulmonary gas exchange after prolonged strenuous exercise.