Health and well-being in the workplace: A review and synthesis of the literature

Health and well-being in the workplace have become common topics in the mai nstream media, in practitioner-oriented magazines and journals and increasi ngly, in scholarly research journals. In this article, we first review the literature that serves to define health and well-being. We then discuss the primary factors associated with health and well-being, the consequences of low levels of health and well-being, and common methods for improving heal th and well-being in the workplace. Finally, we highlight important future directions forfeiture theory, research, and practice regarding health and,w ell-being from an organizational perspective. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Inc . All rights reserved.