Acute and chronic osteochondral talus lesions

Osteochondral lesions of the talus are often not or delayed diagnosticated. They mostly are related to traumatic lesions of the upper ankle joint, whe re by traumatic distorsion are most common among. The degenerative change c lassified as osteochondrosis dissecans tall shows in the most cases also an originally traumatic generic. The classification by osteochondrosis dissec ans tall in four stages by Berndt and Harty is nowadays accepted. These can be distinguished by means of several diagnostic methods. They are regarded as state-of-the-art of therapy and prognosis. Basically for diagnostic pur posis the conventional X-ray in two planes with the right feet-allignement is sufficient. Despite the fact, that Szintigraphy and Computertomography f or particullar questions are the right tools, the MRI gives the highest amo unt of information. In the case of low levels of defects (Stage I and II) t he conservative therapy is appropriate. In more seriouse cases (Stage III a nd IV) the surgical intervention has to be used. Beside the open surgical a pproach the arthroscopy has a growing importancy. In 60 % of cases good lon g term results can be achieved. Beside some advantage there are some limits compared to the arthrotomy. The efficiency of new therapeutic methods like bone-cartilage-transplantation and chondrocyte-transplantation compared to the conventional wound toilet, microfractures and fragmentrefixation has t o be proved by long term studies. The results depend on the stage and the l ocalisation of the osteochondral lesion. In the developed stages III and IV surgical actions as wound toilet, removement of dissecate with microfragme ntation respectivally refixation are indicated, since conservative therapy methods lead undoubtely to worse results. Generally mostly good and very go od results connected with painless and weight bearing could be achieved.