Vortices in rotating superfluid He-3

In this review we first present an introduction to He-3 and to the ROTA col laboration under which most of the knowledge on vortices in superfluid He-3 has been obtained. In the physics part, we start from the exceptional prop erties of helium at millikelvin temperatures. The dilemma of rotating super fluids is presented. In He-4 and in He-3-B the problem is solved by nucleat ing an array of singular vortex lines. Their experimental detection in He-3 by NMR is described next. The vortex cores in He-3-B have two different st ructures, both of which have spontaneously broken symmetry. A spin-mass vor tex has been identified as well. This object is characterized by a flow of spins around the vortex line, in addition to the usual mass current. A grea t variety of vortices exist in the-A phase of He-3; they are either singula r or continuous, and their structure can be a line or a sheet or fill the w hole liquid. Altogether seven different types of vortices have been detecte d in He-3 by NMR. We also describe briefly other experimental methods that have been used by ROTA scientists in studying vortices in He-3 and some imp ortant results thus obtained. Finally, we discuss the possible applications of experiments and theory of He-3 to particle physics and cosmology. In pa rticular, we report on experiments where superfluid He-3-B was heated local ly by absorption of single neutrons. The resulting events can be used to te st theoretical models of the Big Bang at the beginning of our universe.