We treat the problem of constructing exact theories of rods and shells for
thin incompressible bodies. We employ a systematic method that consists in
imposing constraints to seduce the number of degrees of freedom bf each cro
ss section to a finite number. We show that it is very difficult to produce
theories that exactly preserve the incompressibility and we show that it i
s impossible to do so for naive theories. In particular, many exact theorie
s have nonlocal effects.