Biomarkers in occupational volatile organic chemical exposure

Evidence exists that in certain groups of workers exposed to volatile organ ic chemicals, there is subclinical renal damage and dysfunction. Also, ther e is activation of biological mechanisms that are suggested links between v olatile organic chemical exposure and renal disease. Notably, the workers s tudied are employed in factories where exposures are considered controlled with on-site professional health and safety management. Recent studies cont inue to indicate an increased risk of renal disease in those exposed to vol atile organic chemicals.