N. Orr et al., Expression and immunogenicity of a mutant diphtheria toxin molecule, CRM197, and its fragments in Salmonella typhi vaccine strain CVD 908-htrA, INFEC IMMUN, 67(8), 1999, pp. 4290-4294
Mutant diphtheria toxin molecule CRM197 and fragments thereof were expresse
d in attenuated Salmonella typhi CVD 908-htrA, and the constructs were test
ed for their ability to induce serum antitoxin. Initially, expressed protei
ns were insoluble, and the constructs failed to induce neutralizing antitox
in. Soluble CRM197 was expressed at low levels by utilizing the hemolysin A
secretion system from Escherichia coil.