This paper presents a scale analysis of the parameters for which flow insta
bilities can be expected in coupled phase change - natural convection in ca
vities heated from the side. The results are in agreement with what was obs
erved numerically for very low Prandtl number fluids, where multiple cells
were found to appear early on as a result of the instability of the conduct
ion regime. For very large Prandtl number flow instabilities, multiple cell
s, if any, would only occur at very large nominal Rayleigh number. (C) Else
vier, Paris.