Effect of burrowing macrobenthos on the flux of dissolved substances across the water-sediment interface

The effect of burrowing activities of ghost shrimp (Neocallichirus limosus and Biffarius arenosus) and heart urchin (Echinocardium cordatum) on the fl ux of dissolved substances across the water-sediment interface was examined by comparing the transport of the tracer deuterium oxide (D2O) between sed iments and overlying water in experimental laboratory tanks with and withou t fauna. This experiment was complemented by measurements of the diffusive flux of naturally occurring isotopes of radium (Ra-224 and Ra-223) from the sediments into the water column. Despite different burrowing habits, all t hree species enhanced flux of D2O and the Ra isotopes by similar amounts. I n sandy sediments, both shrimps and urchins enhanced flux of D2O across the water-sediment interface 2.5 fold. In muddy sediments, however, results we re inconclusive. There was little difference in flux of Ra-224 and Ra-223 b etween muddy and sandy sediments; flux was 2.3-3.9 times higher in the pres ence of the burrowing species than in their absence. These findings emphasi ze (i) the important role of burrowing macrofauna in the transport of disso lved substances between the sediment and water bodies and (ii) the dependen ce of various biogeochemical processes, including nutrient release, on the benthic macrofauna of Port Phillip Bay.