Analysis and sorting of prostate cancer cell types by flow cytometry

BACKGROUND. Prostate tumor heterogeneity as manifested by differential expr ession of markers can be attributed to multiple types of cancer cells popul ating a tumor. Does the composition differ between primary tumor and metast asis? How can one isolate the different cancer cell types to study? What is the relationship among cancer cell types! METHODS. Flow cytometry keying on the prostate epithelial cell surface mark ers CD57 and CD44 was applied to analyze and sort single cells prepared fro m tumor tissue samples by collagenase digestion. In normal tissue, CD57 is found on luminal cells and CD44 on basal cells. RESULTS. CD57(+) and CD44(+) cells were sorted from various prostate tumor tissue specimens, The CD57(+) cancer cell type was found to predominate in primary tumors, while the CD44(+) cancer cell type was found to predominate in two visceral metastases. All tumors could be characterized by a ratio o f CD57(+) and CD44(+) cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS. Two types of prostate cancer cells, CD57(+) and CD44(+), were identified. The finding that most primary tumors contain a predominantly CD 57(+) cancer cell population agrees with the argument that cancer cells ari se from the transformation of CD57(+) luminal cells. However, CD44(+) cance r cells are also present in some primary turners; and in some metastases, t hey, and not CD57(+) cells, constitute a predominant population. (C) 1999 W iley-Liss, Inc.