Total requirements of energy and greenhouse gases for Australian transport

In addition to fuels, passenger and freight transport require vehicles and infrastructure. As with fuels, the provision of goods and services that are needed for the operation of transport involves the consumption of energy a nd the emission of greenhouse gases. The energy consumed and greenhouse gas es emitted due to fuel use by vehicles are referred to as direct requiremen ts, while indirect requirements of energy and greenhouse gases are embodied in the goods and services mentioned before. Indirect requirements form a s ignificant part of the total energy and greenhouse gases required for a giv en transport task. They depend on the transport mode, ranging from 10% to 5 0% for freight transport and from 25% to 65% for passenger transport. These indirect requirements have to be taken into account when options for reduc ing the energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of the transport se ctor are to be evaluated. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserve d.