Diurnal variations in peripheral insulin resistance and plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations: a possible link?

Glucose tolerance becomes impaired towards the evening. Increased periphera l insulin resistance may be responsible, at least in part, for this effect. The mechanism for the diurnal variation in insulin sensitivity is undefine d. It is, however, possible that variations in non-esterified fatty acids ( NEFA) could contribute to this variation because NEFA have been implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Therefore, we have investigated insulin sensitivity and plasma NEFA responses to insulin at 0830h and 2030h in nine healthy men by measuring arterialized plasma glucose and venous pl asma NEFA concentrations during a short insulin tolerance test. The studies were standardized for a period of fasting, pre-test meal and exercise. Ins ulin sensitivity measured K-ITT was greater (P < 0.05) in the morning [(20 +/-7) x 10(-3) mmoI/L/min] than in the evening [(11.6 +/- 2) x 10(-3) mmol/ L/min]. Fasting NEFA levels were lower (P < 0.01) in the morning (373 +/- 84 mu mol/L) than in the evening (913 +/- 122 mu mol/L). Following insulin, NEFA fell more slowly (P < 0.01) in the morning (149 +/- 26 mu mol/L/15 mi n) than in the evening (491 +/- 91 mu mol/L/15 min). These results confirm diurnal variations in insulin sensitivity and plasma NEFA concentrations ir respective of feeding and exercise. We speculate that the relatively elevat ed plasma NEFA levels in the evening are the cause rather than the conseque nce of increased insulin resistance at this time.