A review of the methodologies used in the computer simulation of evacuation from the built environment

Computer based analysis of evacuation can be performed using one of three d ifferent approaches, namely optimisation, simulation or risk assessment. Fu rthermore, within each approach different means of representing the enclosu re, the population, and the behaviour of the population are possible. The m yriad of approaches which are available has led to the development of some 22 different evacuation models. This article attempts to describe each of t he modelling approaches adopted and critically review the inherent capabili ties of each approach. The review is based on available published literatur e. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.