This article reviews the formal basis of radiation protection programs, It
also reviews the application of these programs in the cardiac catheterizati
on laboratory, Radiation protection rules are based on epidemiology, radiob
iology, and radiation physics, Applicable scientific results are periodical
ly reviewed by committees reporting to the United States National Academy o
f Science and to the United Nations, National and international expert comm
ittees convert science to recommendations. The legislative process enacts e
nforceable regulations, These regulations need to be interpreted in relatio
n to the actual risks experienced by the fluoroscopist. Cathet, Cardiovasc,
Intervent 47:469-474, 1999, (C) 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.