Quick nitrate test for hybrid sudangrass and pearlmillet hays

Hybrid sudangrass and pearlmillet are noted as having a high potential for accumulating nitrate (NO3) and poisoning cattle. Hay samples can be accurat ely tested for NO3 content in the laboratory, however, this may take consid erable time for farmers to obtain their results. This study was conducted t o evaluate applicability of a quick Nitrate Meter for in-field testing of f orage NO3 in the plant sap and to study the effects of nitrogen (N) fertili zation on forage NO3 accumulation. Nitrate readings taken from the sap were highly correlated with those using the conventional laboratory method (R-2 =0.85-0.95 for hybrid sudangrass and 0.91-0.94 for pearlmillet). Nitrate co ncentrations varied with plant height, growing stages, locations in the tes t plots, N rates and sources, and environmental conditions. Nitrate concent rations in the whole plant decreased with plant height and plant maturity. Higher NO3 levels were correlated with higher rates of N fertilizers. Nitra te accumulation was also enhanced by drought stress. The quick NO3 test met hod is easy to use and usually takes less than 20 minutes to obtain results . This methodology allows increased management flexibility for farmers who use warm-season annual grasses in their production systems.