Sex determination relies on the translation of chromosomal sex established
at fertilisation into gonadal sex (testis or ovary), and later into somatic
sex (male or female) under the control of gonadal hormone secretions. The
aim of the current review will be to highlight our knowledge of the key eve
nts which, in the presence of a Y chromosome, induce the organisation of th
e developing epithelial cells located inside the genital ridges into testic
ular cords. Many groups have tried to define the molecules relevant to this
process, with a double goal:
unravelling a molecular pathway which leads to cell fate decision (Sertoli
cell in this particular case) during development;
improving the establishment of a diagnosis and subsequent medical managemen
t in cases where chromosomal, gonadal and then somatic sexes are discordant
.
Recent progress made in this area will be depicted with the introduction of
several pieces to this developmental jigsaw puzzle.