Solid state fermentation for the production of industrial enzymes

Enzymes are among the most important products. obtained for human needs thr ough microbial sources. A large number of industrial processes in the areas of industrial, environmental and food biotechnology utilize enzymes at som e stage or the other. Current developments in biotechnology are yielding ne w applications for enzymes. Solid state fermentation (SSF) holds tremendous potential for the production of enzymes. Tt can be of special interest in those processes where the crude fermented products may be used directly as enzyme sources. This review focuses on the production of various industrial enzymes by SSF processes. Following a brief discussion of the micro-organi sms and the substrates used in SSF systems, and aspects of the design of fe rmenter and the factors affecting production of enzymes, an illustrative su rvey is presented on various individual groups of enzymes such as celluloly tic, pectinolytic, ligninolytic, amylolytic and lipolytic enzymes, etc.