Distinct features of seizures induced by cocaine and amphetamine analogs

Seizure-related emergencies caused by stimulants of abuse have been increas ing. To better understand the nature of these drug-induced convulsions, we characterized the seizure patterns associated with high doses of cocaine, a nd the amphetamine analogs, methamphetamine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and 4-methylaminorex. The features of the stimulant-induced seizures were distinct and included the following: (1) the duration of convulsive a ctivity was shortest for cocaine and longest for methamphetamine, (2) only MDMA produced a secondary clonic phase after the initial ictal event, and ( 3) 4-methylaminorex manifested a very steep dose-response curve. Differenti al preventive profiles of anticonvulsant agents on the stimulant-induced se izures also were observed. For example, cocaine-related seizures were most effectively prevented by, while methamphetamine-induced seizures were compl etely refractory to, phenytoin pretreatment. The only anticonvulsants which appeared to influence methamphetamine-related convulsions were diazepam an d valproate. A unique feature of 4-methylaminorex was that related seizures were almost completely blocked by the calcium channel blocker, flunarizine . (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.