Affective disorders among Jews: a historical review and meta-analysis

Descriptions of affective disorders among Jews date back to biblical times. For over a century the psychiatric literature has debated whether Jews are more vulnerable to affective disorders. To ascertain the validity of this finding we undertook a meta-analysis of data extracted from the literature published to date. Forty-three studies were identified that could be analys ed statistically using Cohen's d and a Mantel-Haenszel summary odds ratio. An increased, but weak overall risk was found for males. Possible biases of the literature are discussed, including differential help-seeking patterns , lack of accounting for readmission rates, failure to control for confound ing variables, and an anti-Semitic orientation on the part of researchers. Reasons for why Jews have higher rates of affective disorders than non-Jews are explored.