Synthesis, structure, biological activity, and DNA binding of platinum(II)complexes of the type trans-[PtCl2(NH3)L] (L = planar nitrogen base). Effect of L and cis/trans isomerism on sequence specificity and unwinding properties observed in globally platinated DNA

In order to establish fundamental structural requirements for the antitumor activation of the trans-platinum geometry, complexes of the general formul as [PtCl2(NH3)L] (L = planar N donor) have been synthesized. The trans isom ers, trans-[PtCl2(NH3)(quinoline)] (3), trans-[PtCl2(NH3)(thiazole)] (5), t rans-[PtCl2(NH3)(benzothiazole)] (7), and trans-[PtCl2(NH3)(isoquinoline)] (8) and the cis isomers cis-[PtCl2(NH3)(quinoline)] (4) and cis-[PtCl2(NH3) (thiazole)] (6) were characterized by H-1 NMR and analytical data. In addit ion, the crystal structures of 3, 5, 7, and 8 were determined: 3, monoclini c, P2(1)/c, with a = 8.414(1) Angstrom, b = 12.373(3) Angstrom, c = 21.266( 3) Angstrom, beta = 96.78(1)degrees, V = 2198.3(6) Angstrom(3), and Z = 8; 5, monoclinic, P2(1)/n, with a = 8.815(4) Angstrom, b = 19.917(8) Angstrom, c = 14.498(5) Angstrom, beta = 103.30(3)degrees, V = 2477(2) Angstrom(3), and Z = 12; 7, monoclinic, P2(1)/c, with a = 8.150(4) Angstrom, b = 23.196( 9) Angstrom, c = 11.297(7) Angstrom, beta = 90.94(4)degrees, V = 2135.3(2) Angstrom(3), and Z = 8; 8, monoclinic, C2/c, with a = 19.043(4) Angstrom, b = 8.570(2) Angstrom, c = 29.127(6) Angstrom, beta_ = 111.59(2)degrees, V = 4420(2) Angstrom(3), and Z = 16. In all cases, the Pt coordination plane a nd L are mutually twisted with angles between planes of 50-68 degrees. Bulk y quinoline in 3 produces intramolecular steric strain as evidenced by a sh ort, nonbonding Pt ... H8(quin) contact of 2.77 Angstrom and concomitantly distorted Pt-N-quin-C bond angles. The trans complexes 3, 5, 7, and 8 showe d a significantly higher cytotoxicity in cisplatin-sensitive L1210 leukemia than trans-[PtCl2(NH3)(2)] (2), with 3 and 5 being as potent as the corres ponding cis isomers 4 and 6. In addition, the presence of the planar ligand greatly enhanced the activity of all of the compounds in cells resistant t o cisplatin, cis-[PtCl2(NH3)(2)] (1). Complex geometry and L play an import ant role in the binding of 1-7 to DNA. For synthetic poly(dG).poly(dC) and poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) the order of binding affinities (r(b), drug-to-nucl eotide ratio) was 2 > 1 > 6 > 5 > 4 > 7 > 3 and 5 > 6 > 7 > 3 > 2 > 1 > 4, respectively. Furthermore, 3 and 7, carrying large planar ligands, were rem arkably effective at unwinding negatively supercoiled, closed circular pUC1 9 DNA (phi = 15 degrees and 17 degrees, respectively). The consequences of structural effects caused by L on target DNA with respect to possible biolo gical consequences are discussed.