The versions of the self-consistent spin-wave theories (SSWT) of two-dimens
ional Heisenberg ferro- and antiferromagnets with a weak interlayer couplin
g and/or magnetic anisotropy, that are based on the nonlinear. Dyson-Maleev
, Schwinger, and combined boson-pseudofermion representations, are analyzed
. Analytical results for the temperature dependences of (sublattice) magnet
ization and the short-range order parameter, and the critical points are ob
tained. The influence of external magnetic field is considered. Fluctuation
corrections to SSWT are calculated within a random-phase approximation whi
ch takes into account correctly leading and next-leading logarithmic singul
arities. These corrections are demonstrated to improve radically the agreem
ent with experimental data on layered perovskites and other systems. Thus a
n account of these fluctuations provides a quantitative theory of layered m
agnets.