After decades in decline, tuberculosis (TB) has been increasing worldwide.
In 1993, the World Health Organisation declared TB a global emergency. Pass
ive case-finding is an important part of TB control programmes, and this is
strongly affected by people's perceptions and beliefs of TB and society's
behaviour towards TB sufferers. The aim of this study was to describe the p
erceptions and beliefs of Vietnamese people regarding TB and its risk facto
rs with special reference to differences between men and women. Sixteen foc
us group discussions (FGDs) were organised in four districts representing d
ifferent regions in Vietnam and consisting of men and women, TB patients an
d non-TB participants. In general, participants had good knowledge of TB be
ing a dangerous, contagious and infectious disease, caused by germs. Howeve
r, traditional beliefs in different types of TB still exist, mainly among o
lder people in rural areas, but also resorted to by other people once ill.
Four main types of TB were reported: (1) 'Lao truyen' (hereditary TB), hand
ed down from older generations to latter ones through 'family blood', regar
dless of sexes; (2) 'Lao luc' (physical TB), caused by hard work, more men
affected; (3) 'Lao tam' (mental TB), caused by too much worrying-more women
affected; and (4) 'Lao phoi' (lung TB). dangerous and caused by TB germs,
transmitted through the respiratory system-more men affected. Other general
risk factors were also mentioned. Men were perceived to get TB more often
than women, as they were more exposed to risk factors during both work and
leisure time. These traditional beliefs may contribute to long delays to TB
diagnosis and increased social stigma and isolation of TB patients and the
ir families due to erroneous beliefs in transmission routes. Our findings d
emonstrate areas where TB control programmes may be improved. (C) 1999 Else
vier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.