Dm. Herron et al., The 3-D monitor and head-mounted display - A quantitative evaluation of advanced laparoscopic viewing technologies, SURG ENDOSC, 13(8), 1999, pp. 751-755
Citations number
15
Categorie Soggetti
Surgery
Journal title
SURGICAL ENDOSCOPY-ULTRASOUND AND INTERVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES
Background: Stereoscopic (3-D) monitors and head-mounted displays have prom
ised to facilitate laparoscopic surgery by increasing positional accuracy a
nd decreasing operative time, To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the per
formance of subjects using these displays to perform standardized laparosco
pic dexterity drills.
Methods: Fifty laparoscopic novices worked within an abdominal cavity simul
ator using four videoscopic display configurations: (1) standard (2-D) moni
tor; (2) 3-D monitor; (3) 2-D head-mounted display; and (4) 3-D head-mounte
d display. Subjects repeated 3 standardized training exercises 2 times, We
measured time to complete each drill and number of errors committed.
Results: Mean total times to complete all 3 drills were 455, 459, 485, and
449 sec for configurations 1-4, respectively. Mean total errors committed n
umbered 11.3, 10.4, 12.3, and 10.8, respectively. Neither comparison reache
d statistical significance (p < 0.05). When 3-D configurations were compare
d to 2-D configurations overall, a small but statistically significant redu
ction in errors was noted for 1 drill only (4.3 vs 5.0, p = 0.018).
Conclusions: Three-dimensional imaging slightly reduced the number of error
s committed by laparoscopic novices during one test drill; this improvement
, however, was not clinically significant. Neither the 3-D monitor nor the
head-mounted display decreased task performance time. Widespread adoption o
f this technology awaits future improvement in display resolution and ease
of use.