Sediment transport along lower Fraser River - 2. Estimates based on the long-term gravel budget

The long-term rate of gravel (bed material) transfer is established for a 4 5 km gravel-bed reach of lower Fraser River by comparing river morphology o n the basis of complete channel surveys conducted 32 years apart. The reach is aggradational, but the sediment budget reveals substantial local variat ions in transport within the reach. Methods for estimating sediment transpo rt on the basis of observed morphological changes are compared with the sed iment budget and with measurements of bed load transport made at the upstre am end of the study reach. All of the methods indicate that the average gra vel load entering the study reach is about 200 x 10(3) tonnes/year. Certain computational formulae estimate similar amounts, but there is no obvious w ay to decide beforehand which formula might be reliable. Lessons from this work include the observation of substantial within-reach variations in tran sport, so that the results from a single cross section are not necessarily representative, and the observation that, most of the time, the river is tr ansporting an amount that is far less than its "hydraulic capacity." A summ ary discussion compares the various methods for estimating bed material tra nsport in terms of reliability and applicability. Estimates based on observ ed morphological change appear to be most cost-effective and can best take advantage of historical information about the river. However, potential sou rces of bias must be carefully evaluated.