M. Hausner et S. Wuertz, High rates of conjugation in bacterial biofilms as determined by quantitative in situ analysis, APPL ENVIR, 65(8), 1999, pp. 3710-3713
Quantitative in situ determination of conjugative gene transfer in defined
bacterial biofilms using automated confocal laser scanning microscopy follo
wed by three-dimensional analysis of cellular biovolumes revealed conjugati
on rates 1,000-fold higher than those determined by classical plating techn
iques. Conjugation events were not affected by nutrient concentration alone
but were influenced by time and biofilm structure.