Aluminum when in soluble form, as found in acidic soils that comprise
about 40 percent of the world's arable land, is toxic to many crops. O
rganic acid excretion has been correlated with aluminum tolerance in h
igher plants. Overproduction of citrate was shown to result in aluminu
m tolerance in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and papaya (Cari
ca papaya) plants.