Frequency, phenomenology and anatomical - clinical correlates of major post-stroke depression

Background The meaning of poststroke depression is controversial. Aims To investigate the hypothesis that major post-stroke depression (PSD) may be due to organic factors (left frontal lesions) immediately after the stroke, but to psychosocial factors in later stages. Method We studied 153 consecutive stroke patients, categorised on the basis of time elapsed since stroke, lesion location and presence/absence of majo r PSD. Fifty-eight were examined in the first two months following the stro ke, 52 between two and four months, and 43 after four months or more. The s ymptom profiles and anatomical-clinical correlates of major PSD were studie d in each subgroup. A group of 30 patients affected by a functional form of major depression were also investigated. Results The symptom profiles and anatomical-clinical correlates of major PS D were not different in the acute and more chronic stages. Clear symptom di fferences were, however, observed between major PSD and endogenous major de pression. Motivated (reactive) symptoms prevailed in the former, whereas un motivated symptoms prevailed in the latter. Conclusions Our data are more consistent with a psychological than with a n eurological model of post-stroke depression. Declaration of interest Support received from IRCCS Clinica Santa Lucia, Ro me.