Inhibitory effects of vesnarinone in the progression of myocardial damage in experimental autoimmune myocarditis in rats

Objectives: Vesnarinone, a positive inotropic and immunomodulatory agent, d iminishes nitric oxide (NO) levels by suppressing the induction of inducibl e NO synthase (iNOS) expressed in cytokine-stimulated macrophages and cardi omyocytes. We examined whether vesnarinone exerts inhibitory effects on the progression of myocardial damage in experimental autoimmune myocarditis in rats through suppression of iNOS. Methods: Myocarditis was induced in 30 L ewis rats by injection of porcine cardiac myosin and vesnarinone was orally administered to 20 of the 30 rats. On day 21 after immunization (the clima x of inflammation), the hemodynamics were examined and the severity of myoc arditis was evaluated by determining the area ratio (%) [affected/entire ar ea] of myocardial lesions in histological sections. Levels of serum CK-MB, NOx (NO2- + NO3-), TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta, and cyclic GMP, iNOS mRNA, TNF- alpha and IL-1 beta in heart tissues were determined. Expression of iNOS an d TNF-alpha protein were examined by immunohistochemical methods. Results: Histopathological examination revealed extensive myocardial destruction and massive infiltration of inflammatory cells in the vesnarinone-untreated ra ts. The area ratio of the lesions in the treated rats was significantly low er than that in the untreated ones. Levels of CK-MB, NOx, cyclic GMP, cytok ines and iNOS mRNA were significantly lower in the vesnarinone-treated rats . Infiltrating macrophages and cardiomyocytes in the untreated rats showed much higher levels of expression of iNOS and TNF-alpha than those in the ve snarinone-treated rats. Conclusions: Vesnarinone may prove to be useful in the treatment of myocarditis by attenuating NO production through suppressi on of iNOS induced by cytokines. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.