Recent research shows partially overlapping signal transduction pathways co
ntrolling responses to wounding, insects, and pathogens. Chemical and behav
ioral assays show that plants release herbivore-specific volatiles, and tha
t parasitic wasps can distinguish between these emission patterns. QTL mapp
ing and candidate gene studies are beginning to identify polymorphic resist
ance genes, and ecological analyses provide information on the physiologica
l and fitness costs of resistance. Such multidisciplinary approaches can el
ucidate the physiological causes and ecological consequences of plant-herbi
vore interactions.