Background: Proinflammatory cytokines like TNF-alpha and IL-8 have been tho
ught to play a pivotal role in the propagation of severe acute pancreatitis
(AP) and the development of its systemic complications, particularly acute
lung injury. Objective: To investigate the effects of pretreatment with hy
drocortisone on the production of cytokines and the occurrence of acute lun
g injury in rabbits with AP, Methods: AP was induced in 17 rabbits by infus
ion of 5% chenodeoxycholic acid into the pancreatic duct, followed by ducta
l ligation. The rabbits were allocated to pretreatment with subcutaneous an
d intravenous hydrocortisone (25 mg/kg, respectively; n = 7) or 0.9% saline
(n = 10) 30 min before induction of AP. Rabbits were observed for 12 h. Se
rum amylase, lipase, TNF-alpha, IL-8, glucose, calcium and leukocyte count
were measured every 3 h. At the end of the experimental period, ascitic flu
id was collected and tissue specimens from the pancreas, lungs and kidney w
ere obtained. Results: Hydrocortisone pretreatment improved survival from 4
0 to 100%. Serum TNF-alpha and IL-8 were lower in the hydrocortisone group
than in the control group at 6 h (p = 0.006 and p < 0.001, respectively). H
ydrocortisone abolished leukopenia (p < 0.001), hyperamylasemia (p = 0.05),
the occurrence of acute lung injury and reduced the volume of ascites. Con
clusions: Our findings suggest a role for TNF-alpha and IL-8 in mediating t
he progress of AP from a local disease into a systemic illness, Hydrocortis
one should be tested experimentally after the induction of AP and clinicall
y as a prophylactic measure to avoid severe AP induced by endoscopic retrog
rade cholangiopancreaticography.