Epstein-Barr virus infection and p53 expression in HIV-related oral large B cell lymphoma

Background. Head and neck non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in HIV positive patients are highly related with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. In general, vir al agents can alter p53 protein levels by enhancing degradation of cellular p53 or by increasing its half-life by viral protein-p53 interaction. Moreo ver, it has been reported that modifications of p53 gene can modulate tumor cells' response to radio- and chemotherapy. Methods. To assess a possible role of EBV infection, p53 protein deregulati on, and p53 gene alterations in exons 5 to 8, we have studied six cases of HIV-related primary oral large B-cell lymphoma. We used in situ hybridizati on (ISH) for EBV-DNA and EBV-encoded nuclear RNA-1 (EBER-1), immunohistoche mistry (IHC) for EBV latent membrane protein -1 (LMP-1) and p53 proteins ex pression, and single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis to screen p53 gene mutations in exons 5 to 8. Results. The EBV-DNA was present in all specimens, according to conventiona l DNA-ISH. No evidence for EBER-1 was found by ISH. The presence of EBV-DNA was correlated with the LMP-1 expression in all but one case. Moreover, p5 3 protein expression was negative in three cases and strongly positive in t he others. However, mutational analysis of p53 gene in exons 5-8 showed no alteration. Conclusions. Our data may suggest that both EBV infection and LMP-1 express ion may cause p53 loss of function even in the absence of p53 gene mutation s, as assessed by SSCP. We speculate that the presence of EBV-infection and p53 protein deregulation may be responsible for radio- and chemotherapy re sistance, by influencing apoptosis of cancer cells. (C) 1999 John Wiley & S ons, Inc.