The generalized forward-backward method for analyzing the scattering from targets on ocean-like rough surfaces

In a recent work, the iterative forward-backward (FB) method has been propo sed to solve the magnetic field integral equation (MFIE) for smooth one-dim ensional (1-D) rough surfaces. This method has proved to be very efficient, converging in a very small number of iterations, Nevertheless, this soluti on becomes unstable when some obstacle, like a ship or a large breaking wav e, is included in the original problem, In this paper, we propose a new met hod: the generalized forward-backward (GFB) method to solve such kinds of c omplex problems. The approach is formulated for the electric field integral equation (EFIE), which is solved using a hybrid combination of the convent ional FB method and the method of moments (MoM), the latter of which is onl y applied over a small region around the obstacle, The GFB method is shown to provide accurate results while maintaining the efficiency and fast conve rgence of the conventional FB method. Some numerical results demonstrate th e efficiency and accuracy of the new method even for low-grazing angle scat tering problems.