A hybrid circuit simulator has been developed that incorporates elements of
single electron devices into the conventional circuit simulator SPICE (Sim
ulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis). The elements can consist
of an arbitrary network of tunnel junctions and capacitors, whose characte
ristics are calculated using a master equation method. By employing the hyb
rid circuit simulator, we studied a turnstile device feeding the input of a
complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) inverter, and were able to
more successfully demonstrate the transfer of electrons through the turnsti
le one by one in SPICE.