Efforts to examine the relevant mechanisms involved in skeletal muscle fati
gue are focusing on Ca2+ handling within the active muscle cell. It has bee
n demonstrated time and again that reductions in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR
) Ca2+ release resulting from increased or intense muscle contraction will
compromise tension development. This review seeks to accomplish two related
goals: 1) to provide all up-to-date molecular understanding of the Ca2+-re
lease process, with considerable attention devoted to the SR Ca2+ channel,
including its associated proteins and their regulation by endogenous compou
nds; and 2) to examine several:putative mechanisms by which cellular altera
tions resulting from intense and/or prolonged contractile activity will mod
ify SR Ca2+ release. The mechanisms that are likely candidates to explain t
he reductions in SR Ca2+ channel function following contractile activity in
clude elevated Ca2+ concentrations, alterations in metabolic homeostasis wi
thin the "microcompartmentalized" triadic space, and modification by reacti
ve oxygen species.