Chronic-active hepatitis in a blue-fronted Amazon (Amazona aestiva aestiva). Clinical, laboratory and morphological findings (Amazona aestiva aestiva)

During a period of 4 months, a comprehensive plasma biochemical analysis wa s performed in a blue-fronted Amazon (Amazona aestiva aestiva) exhibiting n onspecific clinical signs (Inappetence, Polyuria, Regurgitation). The activ ities of aspartate aminotransferase [AST], lactatdehydrogenase [LDH] and gl utamate dehydrogenase [GLDH] in plasma were not elevated, but very low and decreasing cholinesterase activities (700-364 U/l) were observed. Subsequen t measurements of the plasma bile acid concentrations [PBAC] (492 and 568 m u mol/l respectively) suggested a decreased hepatobiliary functional capaci ty. In addition, a severe hyperglobulinemia was diagnosed (albumin-to-globu lin (A/G) ratio 0,3-0,16). The bird died despite treatment and supportive care, exhibiting signs of he patic encephalopathy. Histopathological analysis revealed a chronic-active hepatitis. The etiology of the disease is discussed; exposure to hepatotoxi ns is probable.