Clonal integration in Fragaria chiloensis differs between populations: ramets from grassland are selfish

In plants, only species with clonal growth are able to directly transfer re sources between otherwise independent units of the same genetic individual. A simple conceptual model of plant performance as a function of internal r esource supply and environmental resource availability suggests that resour ce sharing between ramets within clones is likely to be disadvantageous in uniform habitats and advantageous in patchy ones. It was therefore hypothes ized that clones in populations from relatively uniform habitats will have been selected for low rates of resource sharing between ramets compared to clones in populations from patchier habitats. In coastal northern Californi a, the clonal herb Fragaria chiloensis is common both in grasslands, where resources are relatively uniform, and on sand dunes, where resources are mo re patchy. It was predicted that clones from a grassland population of Flag aria would have "selfish" ramets with low rates of resource sharing compare d to clones from an adjacent dune population. Ramets were subjected to cont rasting light levels with and without connection between ramets. Patterns o f biomass accumulation were consistent with the prediction. This appears to be the first report of genetically based variation in patterns of resource sharing in clonal plants. It supports the idea that these patterns are loc ally selected to increase plant performance in habitats with different patt erns of resource availability.