In order to define the role of neutrophils in the innate resistance to Enta
moeba histolytica liver infection in mice, we examined the pattern of liver
lesion induced by direct injection of E. histolytica trophozoites in norma
l mice and in neutrophil-depleted mice. A variety of histological lesions w
ere found, the extent of liver damage was considerably higher in the neutro
phil-depleted mice. Livers from neutrophil-depleted mice displayed areas of
liquefactive (lytic) necrosis containing a large number of amoebae and abs
ence of neutrophils or mononuclear cells. By contrast, in the liver of norm
al mice, neutrophils were seen associated to E. histolytica at early stages
of infection. In both mouse groups, areas of TUNEL-positive dead hepatocyt
es were observed and a characteristic internucleosomal banding pattern of g
enomic DNA consistent with apoptosis was detected in DNA harvested from amo
ebic liver lesions. These data suggest that neutrophils play an important r
ole in the mechanisms of resistance to amoebic liver infection in mice. In
addition, our histological analysis suggests that E. histolytica is capable
of producing liver damage in the absence of inflammatory cells.