Increased number of interleukin-10-producing cells in systemic lupus erythematosus patients and their first-degree relatives and spouses in Icelandicmulticase families

Objective, To evaluate the production of interleukin-10 (IL-10) as well as levels of IgG and antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in systemic lupus erythemato sus (SLE) patients and their first-degree relatives and spouses in Icelandi c SLE multicase families. Methods, IL-10 production was studied by enzyme-linked immunospot assay of freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Total IgG and ANA were also investigated. Subjects consisted of 23 SLE patients and 47 of their f irst-degree relatives in 9 Icelandic multicase families. Subjects were ethn ically matched by a group of healthy controls. A separate study investigate d 12 SLE patients (also from SLE multicase families) and their spouses and a matched group of healthy controls. A predefined protocol was used to obta in both clinical and laboratory data, including information about SLE and o ther autoimmune disorders. Results. The SLE patients had a significantly higher number of IL-10-produc ing cells compared with both first-degree relatives and healthy controls (P = 0.0005 and P < 0.0001, respectively). First-degree relatives also had a significantly higher number of IL-10-producing cells compared with healthy controls (P = 0.01). This was also true for the spouses of SLE patients, wh o had a higher number of IL-10-producing cells compared with matched health y controls (P = 0.02). Conclusion. SLE patients and their first-degree relatives, as well as a lim ited number of healthy spouses of SLE patients, had increased numbers of sp ontaneous IL-10-producing cells. These data support the hypothesis that IL- 10 production may be genetically determined, and may predispose one toward development of SLE. This has previously been suggested by studies of SLE pa tients and their relatives in another ethnic population, using another meth od for measuring IL-10 production. Although these data are based on a small number of observations, they suggest that not only genetic but also enviro nmental factors may be of importance in determining IL-10 production, since the spouses of SLE patients also had an increased number of IL-10-producin g cells.