The Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) spacecraft images of C-type aster
oid Mathilde show it to have a mean radius of 26.5 +/- 1.3 km, The asteroid
is geologically distinguished by its low mean density (1.3 +/- 0.2 g cm(-3
)) and by at least four craters with diameters equal to or greater than Mat
hilde's mean radius, The large craters and their unremarkable appearance su
ggest formation without significant damage to the asteroid outside the fina
l crater volume and indicates the ability of at least this type of asteroid
to survive very large impacts without disruption. There are suggestions of
structures such as faults or layers. Preservation of such structures would
imply that objects that are poor transmitters of impact seismic energy can
still maintain some mechanical fabric, and their surface exposure may impl
y inefficient retention of ejecta from large craters. (C) 1999 Academic Pre
ss.