This paper investigates the variation of the vegetative roughness coefficie
nt with the depth of flow. A horsehair mattress is used in the experimental
study to simulate the vegetation on the watercourses. Test results reveal
that the roughness coefficient reduces with increasing depth under the unsu
bmerged condition. However, when fully submerged, the vegetative roughness
coefficient tends to increase at low depths but then decrease to an asympto
tic constant as the water level continues to rise. A simplified model based
on force equilibrium is developed to evaluate the drag coefficient of the
vegetal element; Manning's equation is then employed to convert the drag co
efficient into the roughness coefficient. The data of this study are compar
ed with those of selected previous laboratory and field tests. The results
show a consistent trend of variation for the drag coefficient versus the Re
ynolds number. This trend can be represented by a vegetative characteristic
number k. Given information such as the bed slope, the height of vegetatio
n, and ii, one can apply the proposed model to predict the roughness coeffi
cient corresponding to different flow depths.