Gastrocystoplasty: Long-term complications in 22 patients

Purpose: Gastrocystoplasty has been performed as an alternative to enterocy stoplasty to increase bladder capacity and/or compliance while avoiding the complications associated with the use of bowel segments. Gastrocystoplasty is not without metabolic and physiological complications, such as the dysu ria-hematuria syndrome and hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis. Currently to our knowledge there is limited long-term followup of gastrocystoplasty, whi ch prompted us to review our experience with gastrocystoplasty and compare our findings with those of others. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed for complications the re cords of 12 boys and 10 girls 8 to 24 years old who underwent gastrocystopl asty. Followup ranged from 48 to 96 months. The diagnosis included neurogen ic bladder in 12 cases, posterior urethral valves in 6, bladder exstrophy i n 3 and pelvic tumor in 1. All patients underwent preoperative evaluation o f serum electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine as well as a radio nuclide renal scan. Urodynamics were done preoperatively in all patients an d postoperatively for complications. A gastric wedge with the pedicle based on the right gastroepiploic artery was removed, leaving the lesser curvatu re and vagus nerve intact. This technique was used in 21 of the 22 cases, i ncluding 1 case after initial surgery elsewhere. Ureteroneocystotomy, Mitro fanoff appendicovesicostomy and bladder neck reconstruction were performed as indicated. Results: There was 1 early complication (postoperative bleeding) and the re mainder were late complications, including vesicoureteral reflux in 4 cases , Mitrofanoff valve stenosis in 3, the hematuria-dysuria syndrome, renal ca lculi, decreased bladder capacity with incontinence and metabolic alkalosis in 2 each, and ureterovesical stricture in 1. The late complication rate i n our series was 36%. Conclusions: Our long-term results differ from those of others in the numbe r of late complications (36 versus 21.8%). In addition, 50% of our patients with complications had multiple complications. These findings may be due t o a longer followup. Nevertheless, our data cast serious doubt on the long- term advantages of using stomach for bladder augmentation.