Management of intracranial meningiomas secondarily involving the infratemporal fossa: Radiographic characteristics, pattern of tumor invasion, and surgical implications

OBJECTIVE: Intracranial meningiomas extending into the infratemporal fossa (ITF) are uncommon. This series describes the radiographic characteristics, histological pattern of invasion, and implications for surgical treatment of intracranial meningiomas. METHODS: Nine patients (median age, 52 yr) underwent resection of a transcr anial meningioma extending into the ITF. Five patients (56%) had undergone a previous resection; however, none had involvement of the ITF. Four patien ts (44%) had received prior radiation therapy to the area. RESULTS: Preoperative neuroradiography uniformly showed erosion of the midd le fossa floor and extension of the tumor through cranial base foramina. Hi stological results indicated tumor invasion of the middle fossa floor and s keletal muscle in all patients. Perineural invasion was present in four pat ients. Mucosal invasion was observed in six patients. A middle fossa/zygoma tic approach provided access to the intra- and extracranial components of t he tumor, as well as the cavernous sinus, ITF structures, paranasal sinuses , and nasopharynx. Reconstruction was performed using the temporalis muscle , which provides a vascularized flap between exposed mucosa and the carotid artery and intradural structures. A gross total resection was performed in seven patients (78%). Postoperative complications included soft tissue isc hemia (one patient), worsening of preoperative cranial neuropathy (two pati ents), and lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (two patients). One patient died 2 months postoperatively from a pulmonary embolus. Two patients had r ecurrence of intracranial meningiomas extending into the ITF at 2 and 3 yea rs postoperatively, necessitating further resection. CONCLUSION: Understanding the pertinent clinical and morphological aspects of meningioma transcranially involving the ITF is essential to surgical tre atment of patients with this condition.