Natural language processing and its future in medicine

If accurate clinical information were available electronically, automated a pplications could be developed to use this information to improve patient c are and lower costs. However, to be fully retrievable, clinical information must be structured or coded. Many online patient reports are not coded, bu t are recorded in natural-language text that cannot be reliably accessed. N atural language processing (NLP) can solve this problem by extracting and s tructuring text-based clinical information, making clinical data available for use. NLP systems are quite difficult to develop, as they require substa ntial amounts of knowledge, but progress has definitely been made. Some NLP systems have been developed and tested and have demonstrated promising per formance in practical clinical applications; some of these systems have alr eady been deployed. The authors provide background information about NLP, b riefly describe some of the systems chat have been recently developed, and discuss the future of NLP in medicine.