Recovery of a rhizosphere-colonizing GEM from inside wheat roots

Pseudomonas chloroaphis 3732 RN-L11 is a genetically modified bacterial str ain that contains the lacZY marker genes in its chromosome. This strain, is known to be it vigorous colonizer of plant roots and rhizosphere soil, and has been used as a model to evaluate survival and persistence of field-rel eased genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs). However, the possibilit y that strain 3732 RN-L11 may also colonize internal plant tissues has not previously been investigated. Using spring wheat as a model system, we stud ied the ability of strain 3732 RN-L11 to colonize external and internal roo t tissues after seed inoculation. Strain 3732 RN-L11 was recovered from rhi zosphere soil of 28-, 42-, and 56-day-old seedlings with mean population si zes of 3.3 x 10(5), 7.5 x 10(4), and 2.2 x 105 CFU.g(-1) fresh root tissue, respectively. Tn addition, this strain was consistently recovered from sur face-sterilized root tissues of 28- to 56-day-old seedlings with mean popul ation sizes of 1.0 x 10(2) to 6.2 x 10(3) CFU.g(-1) fresh root tissue. Our results indicate that evaluation of plant-associated GEM populations after field release should include all possible colonization niches, including in ternal plant tissues.