Ichthyophthiriasis in carp Cyprinus carpio: infectivity of trophonts prematurely exiting both the immune and non-immune host

Ichthyophthirius multifiliis exposed to naturally immunised carp establishe d short-term infections, the majority of parasites actively emerging within 2 h of entering the epidermis. A small, but significant, number of these e xpelled parasites were shown to retain theront-like properties with the cap acity to directly re-invade a further fish host. Infectivity fell rapidly w ith time in the host and was comparable to that of trophonts of a similar a ge artificially induced to emerge from non-immune hosts with the aid of MEM (minimal essential medium). Trophonts recovered with MEM from immune carp 2 to 8 h post infection rarely established infections upon exposure to susc eptible new hosts and no infections resulted from older trophonts recovered after 8 to 24 h exposure; older trophonts, however, represented only a sma ll percentage of the original parasite population. A low level of infectivi ty was recorded in trophonts collected with the aid of MEM from non-immune carp after up to 24 h of infection. The results are discussed in relation t o theront transformation and evasion of the host immune response.