Electrophysiologic tests were performed in 233 patients who complained
of reduced visual acuity with no satisfactory clinical explanation. T
he functional integrity of the retina was assessed from the light- and
dark-adapted electroretinogram. Macular function and conduction in th
e optic nerves were estimated from the flash visual evoked potentials.
Of the 233 patients 78 were grouped together on the basis of the elec
trophysiologic and clinical findings. They were characterized by subno
rmal electroretinogram responses with the cone system more affected th
an the rod system. The flash visual evoked potential responses were of
abnormal waveform and prolonged implicit times. Most of these patient
s exhibited normal fundi. The reduction in visual acuity, the degree o
f electroretinogram deficits and the pattern of the visual evoked pote
ntial responses were similar in both eyes of each patient, indicating
a symmetric disorder. Slight deterioration of visual acuity and electr
ophysiologic variables were observed in 37 of the patients who were fo
llowed up over a period of up to 8 years. The electrophysiologic findi
ngs indicate that about 20% of patients complaining of unexplained red
uction in visual acuity were suffering from a diffuse retinal disorder
affecting the peripheral retina as well as the macular region. On the
basis of electrophysiologic findings and clinical symptoms, we sugges
t grouping these patients under a new entity: cone-rod dysfunction.