Lactoferrin (LF) is a glycoprotein that exerts both bacteriostatic and bact
ericidal activities. The interaction of LF with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of
gram-negative bacteria seems to play a crucial role in the bactericidal ef
fect. In this study, we evaluated, by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbe
nt assay, the binding of biotinylated LF to the S (smooth) and R (rough) (R
a, Rb, Re, Rd1, Rd2, and Re) forms of LPS and different lipid A preparation
s. In addition, the effects of two monoclonal antibodies (AGM 10.14, an imm
unoglobulin G1 [IgG1] antibody, and AGM 2.29, an IgG2b antibody), directed
against spatially distant epitopes of human LF, on the LF-lipid A or LF-LPS
interaction were evaluated. The results showed that biotinylated LF specif
ically binds to solid-phase lipid A, as this interaction was prevented in a
dose-dependent fashion by either soluble uncoupled LF or lipid A. The bind
ing of LF to S-form LPS was markedly weaker than that to lipid A. Moreover,
the rate of LF binding to R-form LPS was inversely related to core length.
The results suggest that the polysaccharide O chain as well as oligosaccha
ride core structures may interfere with the LF-lipid A interaction. In addi
tion, we found that soluble lipid A also inhibited LF binding to immobilize
d LPS, demonstrating that, in the whole LPS structure, the lipid A region c
ontains the major determinant recognized by LF, AGM 10.14 inhibited LF bind
ing to lipid A and LPS in a dose-dependent fashion, indicating that this mo
noclonal antibody recognizes an epitope involved in the binding of LF to li
pid A or some epitope in its close vicinity. In contrast, AGM 2.29, even in
a molar excess, did not prevent the binding of LF to lipid A or LPS, There
fore, AGM 10.14 may represent a useful tool for neutralizing selectively th
e binding of LF to lipid A. In addition, the use of such a monoclonal antib
ody could allow better elucidation of the consequences of the LF-lipid A in
teraction.