Finite element simulation of steady state and transient forced convection in superfluid helium

In this paper, the solution of transient mass, momentum and energy balances in superfluid helium are discussed by means of a finite element algorithm. A simple linearization procedure is used for the non-linear pseudo-diffusi on term in the energy balance arising because of the unique counterflow hea t transport mechanism in superfluid helium. The linearization algorithm is analyzed for accuracy order and stability. The reliability of the algorithm devised is shown in practical tests, comparing the numerical solutions wit h experimental data available in the literature. Copyright (C) 1999 John Wi ley & Sons, Ltd.