In vitro growth and differentiation of osteoblast-like human bone marrow cells on glass reinforced hydroxyapatite plasma-sprayed coatings

Human osteoblastic bone marrow cells were cultured for periods of up to 28 days in control conditions and on the surface of a glass reinforced hydroxy apatite composite (HA/G1) and commercial hydroxyapatite (HA) plasma-sprayed coatings, in the "as-received" condition and after immersion treatment in culture medium for 21 days. Cultures were characterized for total protein c ontent and alkaline phosphatase activity. Scanning electron microscope anal yses were performed on control cultures, seeded materials and materials inc ubated in the absence of cells. Culture media were analyzed for total and i onized calcium and phosphorus concentrations throughout the incubation peri od. Immersion of HA/G1 and HA coatings in culture medium resulted in signif icant alterations to the levels of calcium and phosphorus in the medium, le ading to surface modifications. However, seeded material samples showed sig nificant differences in the pattern of variation of the levels of these spe cies. Cell proliferation was observed in the "as-received" HA/G1 composite, but cell mediated formation of mineral deposits was not proved. In contras t, "as-received" HA hardly supported cell growth. Previously immersed mater ial samples showed cell proliferation and evidence of biological formation of mineral deposits. However, the HA/G1 composite presented better surface characteristics for cell growth as the behavior of bone marrow cells was cl oser to that observed in control cultures. (C) 1999 Kluwer Academic Publish ers.